Vaginal Discharge
Vaginal discharge is a clear, white, or off-white fluid that comes out of your vagina. Your uterus, cervix, and vagina produce vaginal discharge, which is mainly made up of cells and bacteria. It helps clean and lubricate your vagina, and helps fight off bad bacteria and infection. Discharge from your vagina is a natural and normal process, but changes to your discharge can be a sign of infection or disease. Women or people assigned female at birth (AFAB) have varying amounts of vaginal discharge. Some people produce more discharge than others, while others notice very little. Changes in the color, texture, smell, or amount of your usual vaginal discharge may mean there is a problem. Most causes of abnormal vaginal discharge are treatable with medication.
What is Considered Normal Vaginal Discharge?
Normal vaginal discharge is typically clear or white and doesn’t have a strong or unpleasant odor. Its consistency may vary throughout your menstrual cycle due to hormonal changes. Below are the key characteristics of normal vaginal discharge:
Texture: Vaginal discharge can range from watery and sticky to thick and pasty. These changes are usually influenced by hormones. However, a texture that is chunky, foamy, or paired with itching and changes in color might indicate an infection.
Color: Healthy vaginal discharge is clear, milky white, or off-white. Discharge that appears dark yellow, brown, green, or gray could signal an infection or another issue.
Smell: While vaginal discharge may have a mild odor, it shouldn’t be strong or unpleasant. A fishy or foul smell, especially with changes in texture or color, may suggest a vaginal infection.
Amount: The quantity of vaginal discharge varies among individuals. Factors like pregnancy, ovulation, or the use of birth control pills can affect how much discharge is produced. A sudden increase or decrease in the amount might indicate a problem.
Care and Treatment: When is Vaginal Discharge a Sign of an Infection?
Vaginal discharge may indicate an infection if it presents with the following symptoms:
Itching: Persistent itching in the vaginal area.
Swelling: Noticeable swelling or inflammation around the vagina.
Odor: A strong, unpleasant, or fishy-smelling odor.
Color: Discharge that is green, yellow, or gray in color.
Texture: Discharge with a cottage cheese-like or pus-like appearance.
Pain: Pelvic pain or discomfort, especially during urination.